Quantum gates are the quantum computing equivalent of classical logic gates like AND, OR, XOR, NOT.

Classical logic gates are defined by their truth tables. They follow a mathematical structure called Boolean algebra. With the advancement of MOSFET transistor it became possible to implement these logic gates electrically.

Quantum gates work in a similar way. They are defined by matrices. They follow the rules of a mathematical structure called the Lie group.

• $I$ gate (Identity gate)
• $X$ gate (NOT gate)
• Y gate
• Z gate
• Rotation gates
• S gate
• T gate
• Hadamard gate
• Phase gate
• Unitary gate
• ccnot-gate
• CNOT gate
• SWAP gate
• iSWAP gate