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--- ket-zero [June 13, 2026 at 01:13] – created - external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ ket-zero [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-# $\lvert 0 \rangle$ (Zero state)
-The **zero state** $\lvert 0\rangle$ is one of the two computational basis states of a qubit. It is the quantum analogue of a classical `0` bit, and it is the standard initial state used in most quantum circuits. The other computational basis state is [[ket-one|$\lvert 1\rangle$]].
-$$\lvert 0\rangle = \begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}$$
-On the [[bloch-sphere]], $\lvert 0\rangle$ corresponds to the north pole at coordinates $(0, 0, 1)$. It is an eigenstate of the Pauli-Z gate with eigenvalue $+1$, meaning $Z\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 0\rangle$. Applying the [[h-gate|Hadamard gate]] to $\lvert 0\rangle$ produces the equal superposition state $\lvert +\rangle = (\lvert 0\rangle + \lvert 1\rangle)/\sqrt{2}$.
-## Applying gates
-^ Gate ^ Result ^ Comment ^
-| [[i-gate]] | $I\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 0\rangle$ | The identity gate leaves $\lvert 0\rangle$ unchanged. |
-| [[x-gate]] | $X\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 1\rangle$ | Flips $\lvert 0\rangle$ to $\lvert 1\rangle$; quantum analogue of classical NOT. |
-| [[y-gate]] | $Y\lvert 0\rangle = i\lvert 1\rangle$ | Bit flip with an imaginary phase factor. |
-| [[z-gate]] | $Z\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 0\rangle$ | $\lvert 0\rangle$ is an eigenstate of $Z$ with eigenvalue $+1$. |
-| [[h-gate]] | $H\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert +\rangle$ | Rotates the north pole to the $+x$ equatorial point of the Bloch sphere. |
-| [[s-gate]] | $S\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 0\rangle$ | Phase only affects the $\lvert 1\rangle$ component; $\lvert 0\rangle$ is unchanged. |
-| [[t-gate]] | $T\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 0\rangle$ | Phase only affects the $\lvert 1\rangle$ component; $\lvert 0\rangle$ is unchanged. |
-| [[rx-gate]] | $R_x(\theta)\lvert 0\rangle = \cos\tfrac{\theta}{2}\lvert 0\rangle - i\sin\tfrac{\theta}{2}\lvert 1\rangle$ | Tilts the state from $\lvert 0\rangle$ toward $\lvert 1\rangle$ with an imaginary phase on the $\lvert 1\rangle$ component. |
-| [[ry-gate]] | $R_y(\theta)\lvert 0\rangle = \cos\tfrac{\theta}{2}\lvert 0\rangle + \sin\tfrac{\theta}{2}\lvert 1\rangle$ | Real amplitudes; at $\theta=\pi/2$ gives $\lvert +\rangle$, the same result as the Hadamard gate up to global phase. |
-| [[rz-gate]] | $R_z(\theta)\lvert 0\rangle = e^{-i\theta/2}\lvert 0\rangle$ | Global phase only; $\lvert 0\rangle$ is on the $z$-axis so a $z$-rotation has no observable effect. |
-| [[u-gate]] | $U\lvert 0\rangle = \cos\tfrac{\theta}{2}\lvert 0\rangle + e^{i\phi}\sin\tfrac{\theta}{2}\lvert 1\rangle$ | $\lambda$ drops out; every single-qubit state is reachable from $\lvert 0\rangle$ with appropriate $(\theta,\phi)$. |
-## Reaching other states
-^ State ^ Gates ^ Comment ^
-| $\lvert 0\rangle$ | $I\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 0\rangle$ | The identity gate leaves $\lvert 0\rangle$ unchanged. |
-| [[ket-one|$\lvert 1\rangle$]] | $X\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert 1\rangle$ | X flips the qubit; the quantum analogue of classical NOT. $X$ is its own inverse: $X^2 = I$. |
-| [[ket-plus|$\lvert +\rangle$]] | $H\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert +\rangle$ | Hadamard rotates the north pole to the $+x$ equatorial point, creating the equal superposition $\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\lvert 0\rangle + \lvert 1\rangle)$. |
-| [[ket-minus|$\lvert -\rangle$]] | $ZH\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert -\rangle$ | H first produces $\lvert +\rangle$, then Z flips its relative phase to give $\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\lvert 0\rangle - \lvert 1\rangle)$. |
-| [[ket-i|$\lvert +i\rangle$]] | $SH\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert +i\rangle$ | H rotates to the $+x$ equatorial point, then S rotates 90° around $z$ to land on the $+y$ pole. |
-| [[ket-minus-i|$\lvert -i\rangle$]] | $S^\dagger H\lvert 0\rangle = \lvert -i\rangle$ | Same as $\lvert +i\rangle$ but with the inverse phase rotation, landing on the $-y$ pole instead. |
-## Qiskit
-```python
-# Run: python main.py X H S
-# Prepare |0>, apply each named gate from argv in order, and print the statevector.
-# Parametric gates (Rx, Ry, Rz, U) use a fixed demo angle of pi/2.
-import sys
-import numpy as np
-from qiskit import QuantumCircuit
-from qiskit.quantum_info import Statevector
-qc = QuantumCircuit(1)
-for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
-    name = arg.lower()
-    if name == "i":
-        qc.id(0)
-    elif name == "x":
-        qc.x(0)
-    elif name == "y":
-        qc.y(0)
-    elif name == "z":
-        qc.z(0)
-    elif name == "h":
-        qc.h(0)
-    elif name == "s":
-        qc.s(0)
-    elif name == "sdg":
-        qc.sdg(0)
-    elif name == "t":
-        qc.t(0)
-    elif name == "tdg":
-        qc.tdg(0)
-    elif name == "rx":
-        qc.rx(np.pi / 2, 0)
-    elif name == "ry":
-        qc.ry(np.pi / 2, 0)
-    elif name == "rz":
-        qc.rz(np.pi / 2, 0)
-    elif name == "u":
-        qc.u(np.pi / 2, 0, 0, 0)
-    else:
-        print(f"Unknown gate: {arg}")
-print(Statevector(qc).data)
-```