Table of Contents
$\lvert i\rangle$
Plus-i state $\lvert i\rangle$ (also written $\lvert +i\rangle$ or $\lvert y\rangle$) is a quantum state that is an equal superposition of $\lvert 0\rangle$ and $\lvert 1\rangle$ with a relative phase of $+i$. It is one of the six cardinal states on the Bloch sphere, sitting at the positive $y$-axis with coordinates $(0, 1, 0)$.
$$\lvert i\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\lvert 0\rangle + \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}}\lvert 1\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{pmatrix}1\\i\end{pmatrix}$$
It is an eigenstate of the Pauli-Y gate with eigenvalue $+1$, meaning $Y\lvert i\rangle = \lvert i\rangle$. When measured in the computational basis, it collapses to $\lvert 0\rangle$ or $\lvert 1\rangle$ each with probability $1/2$. Together with $\lvert -i\rangle$, it forms the $Y$ eigenbasis $\{\lvert i\rangle, \lvert -i\rangle\}$.
