# <stdexcept>

**[<stdexcept>](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/stdexcept)** defines standard exception classes: `std::logic_error` (programming error), `std::runtime_error` (runtime failure), and their subclasses (`std::invalid_argument`, `std::out_of_range`, `std::overflow_error`, etc.).

Derive your own exceptions from these when you need domain-specific errors.

## Example

This example throws and catches an invalid_argument exception when validating a negative value.

```cpp
// compile: g++ -std=c++11 -o stdexceptexample stdexceptexample.cpp
// run: ./stdexceptexample
// description: throw and catch standard exceptions

#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>

void validate(int value) {
    if (value < 0) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("value must be non-negative");
    }
}

int main() {
    try {
        validate(-5);
    } catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {
        std::cout << "caught: " << e.what() << "\n";
    }
    
    return 0;
}
```